United States Negotiation with the Taliban Research Paper

United States Negotiation with the Taliban - Research Paper Example Development of the economy is of great value if the public is involved in negotiations. The interest groups should ensure common goal of economic development is achieved through democratic participatory governance. A developing economy is bound to be free from conflict.   The Taliban should not be negotiated with as they are perpetrators of terrorism. The terrorist activities amount to loss of millions of innocent lives. Just like the 9/11 tragedy where many innocent Americans lot their loved ones. Conflict ensued when the US military invaded Afghanistan and Pakistan to flush the out terrorist groups. This led to the declaration of Global War on Terrorism.   This action blocked the air tube to terror bases of Taliban.Children’s rights are violated by being taken as child soldiers as right wing supporters of the Taliban regime have been used to fight in their military wing. This denies the young minds the right to education and also it leads to psychological trauma. Deterio ration of security since the Taliban regime hosted the AI-Qaeda a terrorist group responsible for the 9/11 bombing of the World Trade centre in New York. The regular strikes made by the terrorist’s organizations have led to high insecurity levels to countries affiliated to the US. Some sectarian groups also indulged in armed and terrorist activities against their rival groups bringing fear and terror in the society. Engaging in drug trade so as finance their activities is one the reasons that the Taliban should never be negotiated.

Management Strategy and Decision Making Case Study

Management Strategy and Decision Making - Case Study Example The decline in consumption of manufactured products is the biggest reason. Paper is being replaced by electronic impressions. The majority of tasks performed in schools and offices have shifted towards soft copies instead of solid paper. Moreover, environmentalists have seized this opportunity by promoting electronic formats of books. So people don’t need to cut trees for paper. High Australian dollar, labour rate, and different regulations in other countries have made it hard for Australian manufacturers to keep up with the international competition. The pulp and paper industry is highly competitive. Developing, selecting and retaining organizational routines, is a comprehensive strategy for winning. The key drivers of profitability in the pulp and paper manufacturing industry include environmental, competition, market share, export legislation, environmental laws, recycling laws and export prices. The case states that over the past years Australian exports declined by $128 million due to falling export prices. There will be a very narrow margin for profitability in the future. The pulp and paper industry will face difficult time in the next five years. Increased environmental protection legislation will make it difficult for them to operate profitably. Only environmental hazard is not the only threat, people find it more convenient to have smart phone or tablet in their hand that can store thousands of books and documents, instead of carrying kilograms of paper. Pulp and paper manufacturers of Australia face even harsher challenges as increased competition from around world drives their profits down and captures their market share, while the Australian manufacturers are restricted due to strict legislations. Gunns should only enter this industry if they can ensure significant investment in technology to come up with cleaner and safer operations processes. The company should have a concrete plan (preferably the company

The Four Causes of Aristotle Essay Example for Free

The Four Causes of Aristotle Essay Aristotle, being the first historian of philosophy, categorized his predecessors according to how they’ve answered the central questions of the human mind – the question of the first principle of all things. It is otherwise known as the Four Causes. He defined science as knowledge through causes. This doctrine of causes is scattered in different Aristotelian treatises but have its highlight in his book Metaphysics. This principle of causality is an essential part of Aristotelian thought. In his mind, Aristotle argued that events happen for a cause which will explain its origin, end and the way it came to be. For him, â€Å"everything that comes to be is due to causes.† He criticized his predecessors for their not having clearly explained the why of this, that, and so on. Chance, mythology or fortuitous events are not sufficient enough to solve the problem of cosmology. These causes are divided into four distinct types. He developed this principle from the standpoint of being. For this reason, the basic Aristotelian division is between actual and potential causes, contrary to the traditional division made by the scholastics between intrinsic and extrinsic. As for the actual cause, there is the formal, efficient and final causes and for the potency only the material cause; in the traditional scholastic division, material and formal causes made up the intrinsic cause while the remaining two makes the extrinsic cause. Each of these causes can be shortly defined as follows: 1.Material Cause is the constitutive element from which something is made from. 2.Formal Cause means the form of something, â€Å"it is what determines its essence to be what it is† 3.Efficient Cause is the being who made that something. 4.Final Cause is that for what sake something exists, â€Å"it is what constitutes the perfection of the being† . In other words, it is the purpose of that being. The final cause is the summation of all other causes; it is where every other cause can be founded. â€Å"‘Cause means (1) that from which, as immanent material, a thing comes into being, e.g., the bronze is the cause of the statue and the silver of the saucer, and so are the genera to which these things belong. (2) The form or pattern, i.e., the definition of the essence, and the genera which include this (e.g., the ratio 2:1 and number in general are causes of the octave), and the parts included in the definition. (3) That from which the change or the resting from change first begins; e.g., the adviser is a cause of action, and the father a cause of the child, and in general the maker of a cause of the thing made and the change-producing of the changing. (4) The end, i.e., that for the sake of which a thing is; e.g., health is the cause of walking† As mentioned earlier, Aristotle classified earlier philosophers by what kind of cause is their philosophy. We can classify Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Heraclitus, Anaxagoras and Empedocles in the material cause. These philosophers, though differing in opinion of the primary principle of all things, emphasized the constitutive element of everything. Thus, they are rightly to be numbered in the material cause. The water of Thales, the air of Anaximenes, fire of Heraclitus, the atoms of Leucippus and Democritus, the Homeomeries of Anaxagoras, the four elements of Empedocles and the apeiron of Anaximander (â€Å"†¦ he [Anaximander] said that the principleand the constitutive element of the things that exist is the apeiron. He was the one who first designated the material principle of all things by this name† ) are all primary element of everything for these philosophers, may it be by some other cause or not. For the formal cause, we can only classify only three pre-Socratic thinkers, Pythagoras, Parmenides and Anaxagoras. By formal cause, we mean that it pertains to the form of everything. Let us try to briefly examine each of these philosophers: The Pythagoreans have thought that the first principle is Numbers; their idea of Numbers is different from ours. For them, numbers have resemblances from everything. â€Å"Musical harmony for example, could be reduced to a set of numerical relations. Natural phenomena followed an order e\which could also be measured numerically – the duration of the year, the seasons, the length of the day, etc.† Parmenides, on the other hand, thought of the â€Å"being† as the principle of everything. â€Å"One statement alone expresses the road to follow: being is† . His being is univocal; it can only be apprehended by the intellect. He denied the existence of change, therefore, making his being as something permanent, unchangeable, immovable. It cannot cause something for it will mean to cause a change, thus, we cannot classify being as an efficient cause. Rather we classify it to the formal cause for his being underlies everything, it is actually in everything. Lastly, Anaxagoras, though numbered earlier among the material philosophers, can also be classified in the formal cause. Because of the multiplicity of substances, he concluded that the first principle (in his case his Homeomeries) must, in a way, embody all things in itself. We can also enumerate Anaxagoras and Empedocles in the efficient cause. Let us examine how this had happened. Alongside his Homeomeries, Anaxagoras added another principle, the Nous (Intelligence). It is important to bear in mind, that the Nous is separated from matter. It merely starts the cosmic movement from where everything starts to differentiate from one another. Its movement determines the diverse proportion of Homeomeries in each thing. Thus making reason â€Å"deus ex machina† â€Å"’The Intelligence ordains everything that is brought into being – those things that existed in the past and exist in the present and exist no longer, those that exist in the present and those that will exist in the future.† Empedocles is another philosopher with an efficient cause. Because of the influence of Eleatic philosophy, he is forced to search for another cause besides the material principle in order to salvage the world of phenomena. He put Love and Hate as the efficient cause that unites and separates the four elements. While love brings forth together, hate separates. There is a perpetual alteration of dominance between those two; this cycle dictates corruption and generation. â€Å"Things never cease to change, sometimes uniting with one another through Love; and at other times, separating themselves from one another through the divisiveness of Discord† The final cause: the most important of all the causes. In this category we can classify the sophists and Socrates. They have put man as the measure and end of all things. The final cause is for man. Sophism ushered a new era in philosophy as a whole, this age turned to man for the first time. Everything belonged to man. Though sophism had been degenerated into â€Å"apparent wisdom† , with it still came the time where man has been the focus of philosophy. His end and his goodness is the final cause of everything. Protagoras, most famous of the sophists argued that man is the one who determines everything, even truth. This relativism of Protagoras is because he based his knowledge exclusively on senses which are constantly subjected to change. This can be summarized on his words in the introduction of On Truth: â€Å"Man is the measure of all things – things which exist insofar as they exist, things which do not exist insofar as they do not exist.† Socrates, the one who â€Å"called philosophy from heaven†; is the foremost philosopher of the final cause. For him the most important thing is for the benefit of the human soul, ergo, knowing the good. For him the soul is the center of moral life. He identified virtue as knowledge, the mainspring of all other virtues. For him, only in ignorance does one commit sins. In Socratic thought, human dignity has been raised that all things are for the good of his soul. These four causes of Aristotle gave a very clear view of the improvement of ancient Greek Philosophy, from its coldest principle for all things to the warmest humanistic approach. I am in a position with Aristotle concerning these causes. As for me, the causes clearly demonstrate the history of Greek Philosophy from the pre-Socratics up to Socrates.

Hand Made Paper Products Marketing Essay

Hand Made Paper Products Marketing Essay Today in the world of modernization, the rapid urban growth has led to ecological deterioration globally. Many nations are adopting eco friendly practices in order to maintain balance between development and environment of the region. To contribute positively in the advancement and sustainable development, UAE is acting as a central point for all nationalities and ages which are concerned with the environmental protection and waste management. The UAE takes initiative to build green economy in the region and practices with several programmes and policies with an aim to become one of the world leaders for export of technology as well as eco friendly products. It also maintain a sustainable environment to support long term growth (Mohammed unveils UAEs Green Economy, 2012). This initiative includes several policies in the area of investment, agriculture and energy in which hand made paper products is one of the practices implemented in UAE. The demand of hand made paper products are gradually increasing for both domestic and industrial utilization. Handmade papers are used for the purpose of crafting, manufacturing gift items and carry bags. The handmade products are eco friendly in nature and also admired for style, simplicity and easy for use. Literature Review: The growth of handmade paper products has been remarkable as sustainability appeals directly to consumers. The education and awareness leads to the usage of the green products or eco friendly products in the society (Finding the green in todays shoppers). The usage of products is depending on consumers perception which can be influenced by the social awareness programs and also by avoiding hazardous and harmful products. For example, in order to promote paper bags usage of poly bag is restricted in India. The majority of consumers, more than eighty percents care about the uses of renewable energy (Harleysville, April 2011). At the same time this concern has diminished slightly in order to proceed for the advancement. Consumers primarily relate renewable energy with several benefits of environment and the living beings. Despite of common perception, region is also a major factor that influences consumer attitude for the usage of products. For example, UAE is more aware about the eco friendly product and implemented many programs such as carbon footprint, renewable power etc (Harleysville, April 2011). As per modern study, it has been found that eco friendly products are more preferred among other consumable products category and hence, there is a scope for the usage of these products (figure 1) (Harleysville, April 2011) Figure 1: Green purchases are far larger in more consumable categories Source: (Finding the green in todays shoppers) Figure 2: There is a huge prospect for companies to fulfill the latent demand for green products Source: (Finding the green in todays shoppers) The UAE found that adopting eco friendly products is not just good for the environment but it is also good for the business as there is vast opportunity for such products (figure 2) (Carla Ferraro, 2008.). Initially, consumers not eagerly adopts and implements the new technology but because of the threats of global warming and social awareness consumers are getting conscious and concern about the factors and thus contributing to the green environment (Carla Ferraro, 2008.). For Example, as per the news published in the various newspaper of the UAE, most of the consumers are switching towards the uses of Jute bags instead of plastic bags. In context to handmade paper products, consumers trend is gradually increasing with the awareness and education; although the UAE market majorly depend on the import from other countries for eco friendly products. Research Methodology: Research Design: In order to identify and analyze the consumer trends pertain to the Hand Made Paper Products in the UAE region, a research design has been formulated. In order to provide right direction to data analysis in the research we have formulated a well Prearranged Questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises of the questions asking about the characteristics of the Hand Made Paper Products which attracts the consumers towards their usage. The questionnaire is based on the 5 points Likert scale questions for the responses of the respondents in order to analyze the research findings more vibrantly. Please refer Questionnaire Document attached in Appendix for the Questionnaires. Sampling- Random Sampling: The sampling method that has been used in our survey is the Random Sampling Method. Random Sampling Methods include the acquiring of data from a non-specific selection of the target population so as to get a non-uniform data for the areas specified. The questionnaires are distributed among the respondents on the random basis and thus random sampling has been used for the collection of the data of the study by assorting questionnaires. Respondents and Sample Size: The sample size of the study is 100 and the respondents of the study are the retail consumers of various FMCG products. Sources of Data: The data associated with the project has been collected through both the sources i.e. primary as well as secondary sources of data collection. Data Collection: The Information pertaining to the Sources of Data Collection their respective Research Instruments are as follows: Analysis of Findings: Data Analysis: The data provided in this section includes the results obtained from the questionnaire which had been developed for analyzing the consumer trends pertain to the Hand Made Paper Products in the UAE region. Question 1 to Question 5: Q1. Gender: GRAPH: 1 Analysis: The above graph depicts that out of the total respondents of the study, 57% are males and 43% are females. Q2. Age: GRAPH: 2 Analysis: The above graph shows that out of the total respondents of the study, 10% belongs to the age group of 18-24, while 35% belongs to the age group of 25-31. 25% of the respondents belong to the age group of 32-38 years and 30% of the respondents belong to the age group of 39 and above. Q3. Nationality: GRAPH: 3 Analysis: The above graph depicts that 60% of the respondents are from UAE, 25% belongs to other Arabian Countries and 15% belongs to different other countries. Q4. Educational Qualification: GRAPH: 4 Analysis: The above graph shows that out of the total respondents of the study, 10% have qualification up to higher secondary, 20% are graduates, 25% are post graduates, 30% are professionals and 15% having other educational qualification. Q5. Monthly Income: GRAPH: 5 Analysis: The above graph depicts that out of the all the respondents of the study, 20 % have the monthly income of AED 10000-15000, 25% have the monthly income of AED 15001-30000, while 35% have the monthly income of AED 30001-50000 and 20% of the respondents have the income above AED 50000. Question 6 to Question 10: As per Appendix 1 GRAPH: 6: Products used for Carrying Daily Items GRAPH: 7: Affordable Rates and Augmented Quality GRAPH: 8: Multipurpose usability GRAPH: 9 : Market Availability GRAPH: 10: Durability GRAPH: 11 GRAPH: 12: Preference: GRAPH: 13 : Usage GRAPH: 14: Help Factor GRAPH: 15 Analysis of Question 6 to Question 10 as Per Appendix 1 The results of the study depicts that out of 100 respondents 30% prefers to use plastic products, 25% Hand Made Paper Products, 18% Polythene Products, 12% Jute Products and 15% uses other material in carrying daily items. The Hand Made Paper Products available at reasonable and affordable rates and augmented quality 35% of the respondent agrees with the fact. Out of 100 respondents 47 agrees with the fact that the Hand Made Paper Products have multipurpose usability and are easily portable, usable and recyclable. 25% of the respondents strongly agree with the fact that they prefer hand made paper products due to their easy availability in the market. Hand Made Paper Products are non durable to use as per 32% respondents. The Hand Made Paper Products act as good substitutes against harmful polythene products according to 48% strongly agreed respondents. 39% of the respondents agree that they prefer paper products due to the advertisements and environmental awareness. 37% of the respondents strongly agree with the fact that there is significant difference between the usage of handmade paper products and polythene based products. 49% of the respondents strongly agree with the fact that using Hand Made Paper Products is a good way to reduce the amount of paper wastage and they help in preventing deforestation and saving the forest reserves. 47% of the respondents strongly agree with the fact that Hand Made Paper Products help in saving the Earth from Green House Effect Global Warming. Conclusion and Recommendations: Conclusion: Hand Made Paper Products are easily portable, usable and recyclable. They are available easily in the market at affordable rate and good quality; although they are not durable; they are good substitutes against harmful polythene. Hand Made Paper Products is a good way to reduce the amount of paper wastage and they help in preventing deforestation and saving the forest reserves. Hand Made Paper Products helps in saving the Earth from Green House Effect Global Warming. So in order to become socially responsible towards our natural environment we should use hand made paper products in place of harmful plastic products. UAE has been more concern towards the usage of eco friendly products including the Hand Made Paper Products. Recommendations: In order to promote the use of hand made paper products the government should take following steps: Conducting various advertisement campaigns and environmental awareness programs. Put ban on the use of plastic, polythene products and encourage compulsory usage of hand made paper products. It should provide subsidy and financial assistance to the small scale industries which are producing the eco friendly paper products. It should enhance the market of hand made paper products by creating demand and offer supply. Making availability of the home made paper products at various retail shops so as to ensure their maximum usage. References: Carla Ferraro, A. J. ( 2008.). Environmentally Friendly Retailing. The Australian Centre for Retail Studies. Finding the green in todays shoppers. Harleysville, P. (April 2011). Consumer Attitudes About Renewable Energy: Trends and Regional Differences. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Mohammed unveils UAEs Green Economy. (2012, January 15). Retrieved October 4, 2012, from http://www.emirates247.com/: http://www.emirates247.com/news/government/mohammed-unveils-uae-s-green-economy-2012-01-15-1.437708 Appendix: 1 Questionnaire: Dear Respondent, Please give few minutes to complete this questionnaire. Please be assured that your responses will be kept private and confidential and used for academic purposes only. PERSONAL INFORMATION: Name: __________________________________________________ (Optional). Q1. Gender: Male. Female. Q2. Age: 18-24 Years. 25-31 Years. 32-38 Years. 39 Years and Above. Q3. Nationality: UAE. Other Arabian Countries. Others. Q4. Educational Qualification: Higher Secondary. Graduate. Post Graduate. Professional. Other. Q5. Monthly Income: AED 10000-15000 AED 15001 30000 AED 30001 -50000 Above AED 50000 Q6. Which of the following do you prefer for carrying daily items? Plastic Products Hand Made Paper Products Polythene Products Jute Products Other Q7. Are the Hand Made Paper Products available at reasonable and affordable rates and augmented quality? Strongly Disagree. Disagree. Neutral. Agree. Strongly Agree. Q8. Do the Hand Made Paper Products have multipurpose usability and are easily portable, usable and recyclable? Strongly Disagree. Disagree. Neutral. Agree. Strongly Agree. Q9. Are the Hand Made Paper Products easily available in the market? Strongly Disagree. Disagree. Neutral. Agree. Strongly Agree. Q10. Do the Hand Made Paper Products possess adequate durability? Strongly Disagree. Disagree. Neutral. Agree. Strongly Agree. Q11. Do the Hand Made Paper Products act as good substitutes against harmful polythene products? Strongly Disagree. Disagree. Neutral. Agree. Strongly Agree. Q12. Is your preference towards Hand Made Paper Products due to various Advertisements and Environmental Awareness? Strongly Disagree. Disagree. Neutral. Agree. Strongly Agree. Q13. Do you feel any significant difference between the usage of handmade paper products and polythene based products? Strongly Disagree. Disagree. Neutral. Agree. Strongly Agree. Q14. Using Hand Made Paper Products is a good way to reduce the amount of paper wastage and they help in preventing deforestation and saving the forest reserves. What is your opinion for this statement? Strongly Disagree. Disagree. Neutral. Agree. Strongly Agree. Q15. Do you feel that Hand Made Paper Products help in saving the Earth from Green House Effect Global Warming? Strongly Disagree. Disagree. Neutral. Agree. Strongly Agree

Plagiarism and the Internet :: Cheating Education Essays Papers

Plagiarism and the Internet A major concern among college students, high school students, professors and teachers is plagiarism. Most students are unaware of what exactly plagiarism is. They all have general ideas, but most donÏ€t know the extent to which it spans. On the other side, teachers and professors are unaware of how to handle the situation. All the technological advances and the World Wide Web make it easier for students to pass off anotherÏ€s work as their own. Plagiarism can be defined as using anotherÏ€s words or ideas as your own without stating the source of information. This not only includes words or ideas, but pictures, graphs, charts, and statistics. The only case where citing is unnecessary is when the fact is common knowledge that can be found in a variety of places and most people know about it. Students who plagiarize from the internet, donÏ€t even consider it really plagiarizing. They feel that since it is not a hard copy of the work that it really isnÏ€t wrong. This goes back to the idea that students today arenÏ€t even sure what to consider plagiarism. With the creation of the World Wide Web, students have the ability to access great amounts of information at a faster speed. Years ago, in order to plagiarize students had to spend hours searching through books to copy information from to write a paper. The internet today contains information on so many topics, that is almost impossible to not find what you are looking for. There are even websites that specialize in providing students with papers. The task of plagiarizing from the internet has become so popular that according to a survey found in Education Week, ≠¥54% of students admitted to plagiarizing from the internet≠¤ (≠¥Statistics≠¤ 1). The commonness of plagiarizing has grown so much from past decades that is becoming hard to control. Although, plagiarism has become so easily accomplished, the same can not be said for catching plagiarists. There is just too much information of the World Wide Web, that it makes it almost impossible for plagiarists to be caught in the act.

Project Proposal Essay examples -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Project Proposal INTRODUCTION Topic and Purpose This proposal identifies the need for a document, which will propose and develop reasons why a for-profit transportation service for Kent should be perused. This service should be considered because of the recent parking and commuting problems both on and off campus. There have been many reasons why on-campus parking has become difficult in recent years. Increased student enrollment at Kent State University has posed many problems. The parking lots cannot facilitate the growing need for vehicle parking. Campus officials have undertaken construction projects to curb the parking problem, but these renovations have closed lots in the near term. Also, the increased enrollment of students has caused overcrowding on campus buses. These on-campus parking problems also have indirectly affected off-campus parking problems. Off-campus parking in the city of Kent can be described as dismal. The bus service provided by Kent State University is not geared to individual parking needs and lacks the spontaneity students often crave. Increased challenges of off-campus parking include a higher degree of regulation from City Hall. Furthermore, limitations of guest parking at apartment complexes and leased property have increased at an increasing rate over the past three years. These off-campus and on-campus parking problems serve as catalysts for commuting problems across the board. The transportation problems of Ken...

A History of Oppression: the Mistreatment of Australian Aboriginals Essay

Cases of oppression are very much present within our world’s history, and even in most societies today. Being rich in history, Australia is a large example of oppression in our world. Not only can we find koala bears and kangaroos in the continent of Australia, but also the world’s oldest existing culture of aboriginal people (Aboriginal Australia – EmbraceAustralia. com). For nearly 50,000 years, Australia has served as home to these ancient indigenous people (Aboriginal Australia – EmbraceAustralia. com). Australia’s natives have been victims to oppression in many ways and for various reasons for nearly 200 years. They’re land had been taken over by European settlers, and later on they faced more oppression when attempts to assimilate Indigenous people into white society were made. For over a century, Australia’s aborigines have been faced with many racist prejudices and several severe cases of oppression. Issues amongst the indigenous people began in the late 1700’s, shortly after the arrival of European settlers. These new arrivals brought many changes to the native’s daily lives (Aboriginal Australia – EmbraceAustralia. com). The Aboriginals had to deal with intruders of whom they had no prior knowledge of, and the vastly different societies and cultures of these two groups of people. As European colonization began to settle down, Australia’s aboriginals were seen as lower class and savage beings by the â€Å"superior† Europeans (Aboriginals Rights – EmbraceAustralia. com). By the mid 1800’s, the Australian Government began to fear for the future of children Aborigines and issued the â€Å"Forced Assimilation Policy† in 1869 (Aboriginal Rights – EmbraceAustralia. com). It was not until the 1970’s that the Policy of Assimilation ended (Aboriginal Rights – EmbraceAustralia. com). Although aboriginal rights have greatly evolved into the present, Australia’s natives still battle against many prejudices and acts of racism even in today’s society. These indigenous people are often labeled by others to be â€Å"wide-nosed and dark-skinned† and live their ancient tribal lifestyles filled with crime, violence and drinking. In addition, numerous people still believe in false Aboriginal stereotypes. For example, aboriginals are problematic, un-educated people who follow no religion, suffer from poor iets and are given too much welfare, all of which are not necessarily true (Stereotypes about Aboriginal Australians – Creativespirits. info). This issue is a very important part of Australian history. As we look deeper into the breakdown of Aboriginal mistreatment, many contributing factors can be found. The root of this issue can be traced back to the white settlement. With the arrival of the Europeans, Aboriginals were immediately faced with many problems. The Europeans brought along many new diseases and illnesses to which the Aboriginals had no immunity. Epidemics created by the smallpox and even the common cold instantly killed nearly half of the Aboriginal population, ultimately, creating a barrier between the indigenous people and the Europeans (History of Australia – EmbraceAustralia. com). This immediately put the Aborigines in an unfortunate position where they were now much weaker, and therefore deemed inferior to the settlers. Naturally, white settlers began asking the Indigenous people for their labour in exchange for goods, and claiming Aboriginal land for â€Å"economic purposes† (The Social, Cultural and Historical Context of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians). The Aboriginal population, now considerably much smaller, had difficulty when proving ownership and power over their homeland. European settlers were now stronger and could claim territories easily. This contributed not only to the expansion of the European settlers and to the growth of their power, but also to the issue of oppression in Australia. Every day, people around the world of all races, genders, ages and cultures are faced with the degradation and suffering of racism and oppression. Australia’s Aboriginals and descendants are most certainly no stranger to these horrifying issues. During the Assimilation Policy, more than 100,000 indigenous children were separated from their Aboriginal families and homes (Aboriginal Rights – EmbraceAustralia. com). Also, it is estimated that as a result of the white settlement more than 600,000 Aboriginal people had died from the spread of disease, malnutrition and poor living conditions (Racism in Australia, John Pilger). Other than obvious racial discrimination towards Australia’s natives, there are other reasons why these people were oppressed. In order for the European colonies in Australia to gain power and grow their economy, they needed land and labour-good exchanges. The European obtained these through the oppression of Indigenous people (The Social, Cultural and Historical Context of Aboriginal and torres Strait Islander Australians). The differences between the style of living of the Whites and the Aboriginals are huge. The Europeans often thought of the Indigenous people as savages and wished to eliminate their traditional and savage ways. In order to do so, they Australian Government issued the Forced Assimilation Policy in 1869. This policy ensured that Aboriginal children were systematically removed from their families, and placed with white families. The idea of this act being that the young children would learn and grow up to be modern, white Australians. The Government believed that the integration of Aboriginals into the ‘superior’ western lifestyle of the white people would be possible (Aboriginal Rights – EmbraceAustralia. com). Many strongly believed in this policy for the â€Å"protection of future generations†, not knowing that they would end up with the ‘stolen generations’ of all the assimilated indigenous children (Armitage). Prejudices, Government Policies and non-existent legal rights are just a few of the methods of oppression the Aborigines have faced. The very first method of oppression against the Aboriginals was the removal of their ownership of land and properties, when the white settlement first began. This lead up to the abuse of aboriginal labour and poor working conditions. The effort to ‘protect’ and ‘integrate’ natives into white society with the Assimilation Policy during the mid 1800’s is possibly one of the most severe methods of oppression used in this issue. Even throughout the First World War, Aboriginals were banned from joining the army to fight for their rightful homeland . The Australian Government did not have many Aboriginal Rights until the 60’s and 70’s. Before 1962, Indigenous natives did not have the right to vote and four years later, in 1966, poor working conditions that applied solemnly to the aborigines were finally protested and acknowledged. It was not until 1967 that the Commonwealth Referendum obtained permission to create new laws and rights regarding indigenous people. Some even believe, although highly doubtful, that the spread of new diseases by the Europeans was an attempt at potential genocide towards the natives. This method is still often debated (Aboriginal Rights – EmbraceAustralia. com). Lest we forget, that along with all of these events during the years of Aboriginal oppression the natives were, and still are, associated with many false and insensitive racist prejudices. More recently, only in 2008, an official apology was finally released by Australia’s then Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd. PM Rudd gave a four minute apology followed by a 20 minute speech recounting many events and stories of victims. The apology was addressed to all aborigines and most importantly, the stolen generations. To the mothers and fathers, the brothers and sisters, for the breaking up of families and communities, we say sorry. And for the indignity and degradation thus inflicted upon a proud people and proud culture, we say sorry. † Mr. Rudd finished his speech with this closing statement before receiving a standing ovation (New York Times, Johnson). Although this apology demonstrates how most of Australia is ready to continue evolving and move on from all the oppression, a study conducted in 2008 found that â€Å"Australians in general are welcoming of diversity, but some 1 in 10 Australians still hold racist views†. The results of that study illustrate how oppression and racism, although tremendously improved, will most likely always be present in Australia’s society (Racism in Australia, Shah. Though the journey has not been easy, the proud aboriginal natives of Australia now have a tale to tell about their fight against oppression lasting two centuries. As they reencounter their battles against small pox epidemics and for land and rights, they will not be remembering their pains and sufferings, but celebrating their strength and determination to have overcome this mogul in Australian history.